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What is a Trait?

What is a Trait?

TEKS Objective

The student is expected to explore that some characteristics of organisms are inherited such as the number of limbs on an animal or flower color and recognize that some behaviors are learned in response to living in a certain environment such as animals using tools to get food. 


Essential Understanding

The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environments. 

Science Background

What Is a Trait? Learn Genetics: University of Utah (website) - Learn about different kinds of physical and behavioral traits, and how they are determined.

What Is a Trait?
Learn Genetics, University of Utah, learn.genetics.utah.edu

The Genetics of Inherited Traits: K8 Science (website) - Dr. Ron McNeel explains how characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring.

The Genetics of Inherited Traits
K8 Science, www.k8science.org

Signature Lesson

Generations of Traits: Genetic Science Learning Center (PDF) - Hands-on activity during which students track and record the passage of colored “traits” through three generations of gingerbread “people,” thereby learning that some characteristics are inherited from parents, and that siblings may or may not receive the same traits from their parents.

Generations of Traits
Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah, teach.genetics.utah.edu

Supporting Lessons

Twins, Comparing Behaviors… Instinct v. Learned Behavior: Utah Educational Network (website) - Students observe themselves and their family members to understand the difference between learned and inherited/instinctive behaviors. Includes extensions and assessment.

Twins, Comparing Behaviors… Instinct v. Learned Behavior
Utah Educational Network, www.uen.org

Classification Scheme: Science NetLinks (website) - Students identify and use various traits to group or classify different types of animals. Includes downloadable master of animal cards.

Classification Scheme
Science NetLinks, www.sciencenetlinks.com

My Traits Please: Regent University (PDF) - Students conduct a class inventory of simple inherited traits, such as tongue rolling, and explore frequencies within the class population.

My Traits Please
Regent University, www.regent.edu

Elaboration Lessons and Extensions

Animal Adaptation Teacher Guide: The Zoo Society (PDF) - This comprehensive unit, designed to support a self-guided tour of the Milwaukee County Zoo, contains a wealth of information and activities on animal adaptations that can be used in any classroom.

Animal Adaptation Teacher Guide
The Zoo Society, www.zoosociety.org

Animal Adaptations: SeaWorld/Busch Gardens (PDF) - In this series of lessons, students investigate and determine the function of various animal adaptations (the design of different bird beaks and feet, animal camouflage).

Animal Adaptations
SeaWorld/Busch Gardens, www.seaworld.org

Assessment Ideas

After completing the Signature Lesson, have students write a paragraph describing the most and least common traits among students in the class.   

Literature Connections

You and Your Genes. Johnson, Rebecca (ISBN-13: 978-0792288664)

Albino Animals. Milner-Halls, Kelly (ISBN-13: 978-1581960129)

Traits and Attributes (Let’s Relate to Genetics). Hyde, Natalie (ISBN-13: 978-0778749660) 

Related Science TEKS

(3.1A) Science Safety
The student is expected to demonstrate safe practices as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations, including observing a schoolyard habitat.

(3.1B) Recycling/Disposal of Science Materials
The student is expected to make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources by recycling or reusing materials such as paper, aluminum cans, and plastics.

(3.2A) Plan and Implement Descriptive Investigation
The student is expected to plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking and answering questions, making inferences, and selecting and using equipment or technology needed, to solve a specific problem in the natural world.

(3.2B) Collect Data
The student is expected to collect data by observing and measuring using the metric system and recognize differences between observed and measured data.

(3.2C) Graphs, Tables, Charts
The student is expected to construct maps, graphic organizers, simple tables, charts, and bar graphs using tools and current technology to organize, examine, and evaluate measured data.

(3.2D) Analyze Evidence and Explain
The student is expected to analyze and interpret patterns in data to construct reasonable explanations based on evidence from investigations.

(3.2E) Value of Repeated Experiments
The student is expected to demonstrate that repeated investigations may increase the reliability of results.

(3.2F) Communicate Conclusions
The student is expected to communicate valid conclusions supported by data in writing, by drawing pictures, and through verbal discussion.

(3.3A) Analyze, Evaluate and Critique Explanations
The student is expected to in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student.

(3.3B) Evaluate Accuracy of Information
The student is expected to draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys and food.

(3.3C) Develop a Model
The student is expected to represent the natural world using models such as volcanoes or Sun, Earth, and Moon system and identify their limitations, including size, properties, and materials.

(3.3D) Science Careers, Contributions and History
The student is expected to connect grade-level appropriate science concepts with the history of science, science careers, and contributions of scientists.

(3.4A) Tools for Collecting and Analyzing Information
The student is expected to collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, wind vanes, rain gauges, pan balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, spring scales, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, notebooks, sound recorders, and Sun, Earth, and Moon system models; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and aquariums.

(3.4B) Safety Equipment
The student is expected to use safety equipment as appropriate, including safety goggles and gloves.

(3.10A) Adaptations
The student is expected to explore how structures and functions of plants and animals allow them to survive in a particular environment.

(3.10C) Life Cycles
The student is expected to investigate and compare how animals and plants undergo a series of orderly changes in their diverse life cycles such as tomato plants, frogs, and lady bugs. 

Related Math TEKS

3.13A  The student is expected to collect, organize, record, and display data in pictographs and bar graphs where each picture or cell might represent more than one piece of data.

3.13B   The student is expected to interpret information from pictographs and bar graphs.

3.13C   The student is expected to use data to describe events as more likely than, less likely than, or equally likely as.

3.14B   The student is expected to solve problems that incorporate understanding the problem, making a plan, carrying out the plan, and evaluating the solution for reasonableness.

3.14C   The student is expected to select or develop an appropriate problem-solving plan or strategy, including drawing a picture, looking for a pattern, systematic guessing and checking, acting it out, making a table, working a simpler problem, or working backwards to solve a problem.

3.14D  The student is expected to use tools such as real objects, manipulatives, and technology to solve problems.

3.15A  The student is expected to explain and record observations using objects, words, pictures, numbers, and technology.

 

Additional Resources

Variation, Deadly 60: BBC KS2 Bitesize (website) - In this interactive activity, students sort dangerous plants and animals into groups, based on their characteristics.

Variation, Deadly 60
BBC KS2 Bitesize, www.bbc.co.uk

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