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Moon Phases

Readiness

Moon Phases

TEKS Objective

The student is expected to demonstrate that Earth rotates on its axis once approximately every 24 hours causing the day/night cycle and the apparent movement of the Sun across the sky.


Essential Understanding

The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, and Moon system.

Science Background

Understanding the Moon Phases: MoonConnection.com (website) - Explanation of the changing phases of the Moon, accompanied by a clear diagram.

Understanding the Moon Phases
MoonConnection.com

Moon Fact Sheet: National Space Science Data Center (website) - Detailed information about the physical characteristics of Earth and the Moon, the lunar atmosphere, and the Moon’s orbit around Earth.

Moon Fact Sheet
National Space Science Data Center, nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Orbit and Phases of the Moon: University of Tennessee – Knoxville (website) - Graphic explanation of the Moon’s orbit around Earth as well an extensive demonstration of the phases of the Moon.

Orbit and Phases of the Moon
University of Tennessee – Knoxville, http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/

Why Doesn’t the Moon Rotate?: DigiPro Digital Productions (website) - People always wondered why the Moon's rotation matches that of its revolution around the Earth. Hard to believe it's coincidence. Is there something keeping this synchronization? Why do we always see only one side of the Moon?

Why Doesn’t the Moon Rotate?
DigiPro Digital Productions, http://www.digipro.com/

Signature Lesson

Moon Phases Demonstration: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (website) - Students “act out” the phases of the moon in this interactive variation of a classic activity.

Moon Phases Demonstration
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, www.jpl.nasa.gov

Supporting Lessons

Phases of the Moon: Newton’s Apple (website) - Students work in teams to create 3D models of each phase of the moon. Activity includes interesting questions for discussion.

Phases of the Moon
Twin Cities Public Television, Newton’s Apple, www.newtonsapple.tv

Telling Time by the Light of the Moon: Discovery Education (website) - Students learn about phases of the Moon while telling time by the Moon’s position in the sky.

Telling Time by the Light of the Moon
Discovery Education, www.discoveryeducation.com

Elaboration Lessons and Extensions

Eclipse: Project First (website) - Students build, observe and manipulate a model of the Sun, Earth and Moon to simulate the movement of these bodies during a solar eclipse.

Eclipse
Project First, Eye on the Sky, www.eyeonthesky.org

Assessment Ideas

Have students draw a diagram showing the Moon’s orbit around Earth, including the position of the Sun, and sketch the phases of the Moon as it is seen at different points in the orbit.

Literature Connections

The Moon. Simon, S. (ISBN: 978-0689835636)

Moon, Meachen-Rau, Dana (ISBN: 0-756-50438-4)

The Moon Book, Gibbons, Gail (ISBN: 0-823-41364-0)

Moon Tales: Myths of the Moon from around the World, Singh, Rina (ISBN: 0-747-54795-5)

The Moon, Winrich, Ralph (978-1-4296-0725-4)

Related Science TEKS

(5.8D) Physical Characteristics of Sun, Earth and Moon
The student is expected to identify and compare the physical characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

Related Math TEKS

5.10.B  The student is expected to connect models for perimeter, area, and volume with their respective formulas.

5.11.B  The student is expected to solve problems involving elapsed time.

5.14.A.  The student is expected to identify the mathematics in everyday situations.

5.15.A  The student is expected to explain and record observations using objects, words, pictures, numbers, and technology.

5.15.B  The student is expected to relate informal language to mathematical language and symbols.

Additional Resources

Moon Phases: StarDate (website) - Moon phase calendar, with information about different Moon-related events.

Moon Phases
The University of Texas McDonald Observatory, StarDate, stardate.org

Photojournal: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (website) - Huge collection of downloadable, high-resolution images of the planets.

Photojournal
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov

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