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Changes Caused by Cooling

Supporting

Changes Caused by Cooling

TEKS Objective

The student is expected to predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling.

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Essential Understanding

The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.

Science Background

Freezing: Purdue University (website) - Illustrated explanation of the differences between, and structure of the particles in liquids and frozen solids, with information about the processes of freezing and melting.

Freezing
Purdue University, www.purdue.edu

The Expansion of Water Upon Freezing: Hyperphysics (website) - Concise explanations of water density and why ice floats.

The Expansion of Water Upon Freezing
Hyperphysics, hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Signature Lesson

Fluid Behavior: What Happens When Ice Melts? Challenger Center (website) - Activities on melting ice. 

Fluid Behavior
What Happens When Ice Melts?, www.challenger.org

Supporting Lessons

Changing the State of Matter Using Heating and Cooling: MnSTEP (website) - Inquiry-based lesson in which students investigate how different materials change when heated or cooled.

Changing the State of Matter using Heating and Cooling
MnSTEP, www.carlteon.edu

Solids Liquids and Gases Card Game: Collaborative Learning (PDF) - A card game that teaches the properties of the three states of matter.

Solids Liquids and Gases Card Game
Collaborative Learning, www.collaborativelearning.org

Elaboration Lessons and Extensions

Safe Food Preparation: BioEd Online (website) - Students learn about different states of matter by making ice cream.

Safe Food Preparation
BioEd Online, www.bioedonline.org

Assessment Ideas

Have students predict and record temperature changes, and also observe changes that occur when liquids (water, milk, soft drink, syrup, etc.) are cooled in a freezer. This investigation can be done in class or at home.

Literature Connections

Physics: Why Matter Matters! Green, D. (ISBN-13: 978-0753462140)

Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Ontario Science Centre (ISBN-13: 978-1550744019)

Water as a Gas. Frost, Hellen (ISBN-13: 978-0736848763)

Solid, Liquid, or Gas? Hewitt, Sally (ISBN-13: 978-0516263939)

Solids, Liquids, Gases. Simon, Charnan (ISBN-13: 978-0756509767)

Related Science TEKS

(3.5B) States of Matter
The student is expected to describe and classify samples of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and demonstrate that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container.

Related Math TEKS

3.11E   The student is expected to identify concrete models that approximate standard units for capacity and use them to measure capacity.

3.14C   The student is expected to select or develop an appropriate problem-solving plan or strategy, including drawing a picture, looking for a pattern, systematic guessing and checking, acting it out, making a table, working a simpler problem, or working backwards to solve a problem.

3.14D  The student is expected to use tools such as real objects, manipulatives, and technology to solve problems.

3.15A  The student is expected to explain and record observations using objects, words, pictures, numbers, and technology.

Additional Resources

Solids and Liquids: BBC (website) - Interactive animation that allows student to observe what happens when various substances (chocolate, butter, aluminum, etc.) are heated or cooled.

Solids and Liquids
BBC, www.bbc.co.uk

Matter: Science Online (website) - Activities, lessons and other resources focused on the structure and properties of matter, presented by grade level. Also includes links to lessons for other science topics.

Matter
Science Online, classroom.jc-schools.net

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