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Refraction

Readiness

Refraction

TEKS Objective

Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels from one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use of mirrors or other shiny surfaces, and refracted such as the appearance of an object when observed through water.


Essential Understanding

The student knows that energy occurs in many forms and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems.

Science Background

Refraction at a Boundary: The Physics Classroom (website) – Refraction occurs when light crosses from one medium into another, such as from air to water. This site uses examples to “clarify” refraction.

Refraction at a Boundary
The Physics Classroom, www.physicsclassroom.com

Optics for Kids: The Science and Engineering Behind It (website) - This website may be for kids, but it makes the science of light interesting and easy for adults to understand, too.

Optics for Kids
by Bruce Irving, Optical Solutions Group, optics.synopsys.com

Introduction to Light and Color: Optics Educator Guide (website) - Background information on the properties of light.

Introduction to Light and Color
from the Optics Educator Guide, NASA, www.nasa.gov

Signature Lesson

Bending Light: Utah Education Network (website) - Students learn about and demonstrate light defraction while experimenting with and observing the movement of light through a variety of common objects.

Bending Light
Utah Education Network , www.uen.org

Supporting Lessons

Discovering Color with a Prism: Optics Educators Guide (PDF) - Students investigate the behavior of light as it passes through a prism.

Discovering Color with a Prism
from the Optics Educators Guide, NASA, www.nasa.gov

Make Your Own Rainbow: Science Kids (website) - Students learn how to make a rainbow using a glass of water, white paper and a light source.

Make Your Own Rainbow
Science Kids, www.sciencekids.co.nz

Rainbow in the Room: BioEd Online (website) - Use a traditional overhead projector to create a circular “rainbow” around your entire classroom for students to observe.

Rainbow in the Room
BioEd Online, www.bioedonline.org

Elaboration Lessons and Extensions

Optics - Light, Color and Their Uses Educator Guide: NASA (website) - The guide contains color and light activities using lenses, prisms and mirrors to create telescopes, periscopes, microscopes and kaleidoscopes. Other activities include finding focal length and understanding reflection, refraction and diffraction.

Optics - Light, Color and Their Uses Educator Guide
NASA, www.nasa.gov

Medium Activities: Exploring the Science of Light (website) - This website features classroom activities that deepen understanding and inform instruction related to optics, color, lenses, reflection, etc.

Medium Activities
Optical Society of America, www.optics4kids.org

Assessment Ideas

Have students design their own investigations to answer the question, Does light refract the same in different liquids? One possible approach would be for students to use clear Karo syrup or dish soap, and compare their outcomes with the observations for water made during the Signature Lesson. Students should use their own observations to justify their answers to the question.

Literature Connections

Experiments with Light and Mirrors. Gardner, R. (ISBN-13: 978-0766028586)


The Magic School Bus Makes a Rainbow. Cole, Joanna (ISBN-13: 978-0590922517)


Science With Lights and Mirrors. Edom, H. (ISBN-13: 978-0746006962)


Day Light, Night Light: Where Light Comes From. Branley, Franklyn (ISBN-13: 978-0064451710)


Rainbow and You. Krupp, Edwin (ISBN-13: 978-0688156015)

 

Related Science TEKS

(5.1A) Science Safety
The student is expected to demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations.

(5.2A) Design/Conduct Experiment with One Variable
The student is expected to describe, plan, and implement simple experimental investigations testing one variable.

(5.2B) Ask Questions, Formulate a Hypothesis
The student is expected to ask well-defined questions, formulate testable hypotheses, and select and use appropriate equipment and technology.

(5.2C) Collect Data
The student is expected to collect information by detailed observations and accurate measuring.

(5.2D) Analyze Evidence and Explain
The student is expected to analyze and interpret information to construct reasonable explanations from direct (observable) and indirect (inferred) evidence.

(5.2E) Value of Repeated Experiments
The student is expected to demonstrate that repeated investigations may increase the reliability of results.

(5.2F) Communicate Conclusions
The student is expected to communicate valid conclusions in both written and verbal forms.

(5.2G) Graphs, Tables, Charts
The student is expected to construct appropriate simple graphs, tables, maps, and charts using technology, including computers, to organize, examine, and evaluate information.

(5.6A) Forms and Uses of Energy
The student is expected to explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound energy.

Related Math TEKS

(5.8A)  The student is expected to sketch the results of translations, rotations, and reflections on a Quadrant I coordinate grid.

(5.12B) The student is expected to use experimental results to make predictions.

(5.14B) The student is expected to solve problems that incorporate understanding the problem, making a plan, carrying out the plan, and evaluating the solution for reasonableness.

(5.15A) The student is expected to explain and record observations using objects, words, pictures, numbers, and technology.

Additional Resources

Science, Optics & You: Molecular Expressions (website) - Online optics activities for students.

Science, Optics & You
by Michael W. Davidson, the Center for Integrating Research and Learning at Florida State University, www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Reflection & Refraction: My Schoolhouse (website) - Illustrated explanation of reflection and refraction, suitable for young students.

Reflection & Refraction
My Schoolhouse, www.myschoolhouse.com

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